Dampness is the presence of hygroscopic moisture in thebuildings. Ground water contains soluble salts, the most significant of whichare chlorides, nitrates and sulphates. When dampness occurs, these pass withthe water up the wall and are left behind when the water evaporates. Over manyyears of active dampness, large quantities of these salts accumulate within themasonry and …
Fiber reinforced concrete is concrete containing fibrous material which increases its structural integrity. Fiber reinforced cements and concretes are firmly established as construction materials. Since the early 1960’s extensive research and developments have been carried out with FRC materials leading to a wide range of practical applications. In recent years, a great deal has been leaned …
Modern concretes almost always possess additives, either in the mineral form or chemical form. Particularly, chemical admixtures such as water reducers and set controllers are invariably used to enhance the properties of freshand hardened concrete. A ‘Chemical Admixture’ is any chemical additive to the concrete mixture that enhances the properties of concrete in the fresh or hardened state. This does not include …
They are many advantage of painting. Paint preserves, protects and decorates surfaces and enables them to be easily, that is why iron and wood are always painted. Advantages of painting are as follows:
Waterproofing of Roof be it concrete, metal decks, timber, etc. has always been a challenge to the construction industry. With the increased complexity of structures and the complex nature of utilization of this roofs, terraces or podiums