Construction technology deals with a method of construction of various types of buildings and their components. A building defined as an enclosed space covered by a roof Technically spelling a hut, a place , a cinema hall, a hospital, a workshop etc are all buildings.
Buildings in general can be broadly classified into two main categories. There are residential buildings and public buildings.
Residential buildings are those buildings which are used for domestic purpose of an individual or group of individual, such as ordinary house, a palace, a bungalow, and so on where as a public building is that which is meant for the use of general public and not for an individual or group of individuals.
Each type of building has two main components one of the component which is generally constructed above the ground level is called Super-structure while other component which is generally constructed bellow the ground level is called sub-structure or foundation.
Foundation is the most important part of a structure. The strength and durability of any structure depend upon the strength of its foundation.
Foundation is the part of the building or any structure, which supports the super-structure directly over it. It should not be confused that foundation is meant to support the load of the structure. But it is a device for transmitting the load of the super- structure to the sub-soil below it.
If the foundation of the structure fails the super- structure, however strong it may will have to go down. The failure of the structures are mostly due to the failure of the foundation.
Footing types
- Shallow foundations
A shallow foundation is a type of foundation which transfers building loads to the earth very near the surface, rather than to a subsurface layer or a range of depths as does a deep foundation.
- Deep foundations
A deep foundation is a type of foundation distinguished from shallow foundations by the depth they are embedded into the ground.
- Monopile foundation
A monopile foundation is a type of deep foundation which uses a single, generally large-diameter, structural element embedded into the earth to support all the loads (weight, wind, etc.) of a large above-surface structure.