Provisional sums are included in bills of quantities for items of work which cannot be fully described or measured in accordance with the rules of the method of measurement at the time of tender. For work measured under the rules of SMM7.
Ventilation Management in long tunnels is the most important requirement not only for the working of machines but also for the sustenance of the personnel. Poisonous gases are generated by blasts in tunnel, exhaust of diesel operated machines, Carbon Dioxide generated by human breathing and besides, a tunnel may cut through strata with trapped foul …
Tunnel Ventilation Systems Moving the Air Efficiently Read More »
The preliminaries of a bill of quantities is the section that provides a description of the project, the contractor’s general obligations, general facilities, and setup and running costs.
Abbreviations Quantity Surveyors often use standard abbreviations in the bills of quantities and take off list. it is used to save space and time spent in entering items. The following abbreviations posed Abbreviation Description agg aggregate av average ab as before abd as before described adj adjoining/adjustment acc accordance a/r all round alum aluminium bk …
Fiber reinforced concrete is concrete containing fibrous material which increases its structural integrity. Fiber reinforced cements and concretes are firmly established as construction materials. Since the early 1960’s extensive research and developments have been carried out with FRC materials leading to a wide range of practical applications. In recent years, a great deal has been leaned …
Assistant quantity surveyors provide technical assistance to chartered quantity surveyors in costing building projects. They estimate quantities and costs of materials and labour. They also take measurements on-site when a project is underway so that they can calculate actual costs. Work Activities Assistant quantity surveyors provide technical assistance to chartered quantity surveyors in costing building …
Purpose of a schedule is to encourage everyone to see her efforts as part of a whole, and to invest in making her pieces work with the others. Until there is a draft schedule suggesting specific dates and times for when things have to be ready, it’s unlikely that connections and dependencies will be noticed. …
The most prominent tall buildings are called high-rise buildings.In the last twenty years the development the of high-rise buildings in the world has been very fast.
Two stage selective tendering The majority of negotiated tenders, as stated above, arise from a desire to involve the builder in the design phase of a project. The Code of Procedure for Two Stage Selective Tendering describes a method which allows the negotiation of a tender with an element of competition. First, suitable builders are …
Burj Khalifa ( Burj Dubai ) Burj Khalifa known as Burj Dubai, is a tallest man-made structure in this world nowadays. construction starded on 21september 2004,withthe exterior of the structure completed on 1 October 2009. The building officially opened on 4 January 2010.